AI Article Synopsis

  • * A review of 55 clinical trials showed that 83.3% were conducted after 2015, mainly in the U.S., focusing on various FDA-approved drugs for HNC, including cetuximab and pembrolizumab.
  • * There is a need for new drugs specifically for HPV-associated OPC, as the molecular mechanisms and outcomes differ from HPV-negative cases; researchers have identified mutated genes in HPV-positive OPC that could be targeted for future drug development.

Article Abstract

The use of conventional chemotherapy in conjunction with targeted and immunotherapy drugs has emerged as an option to limit the severity of side effects in patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer (HNC), particularly oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). OPC prevalence has increased exponentially in the past 30 years due to the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study reports a comprehensive review of clinical trials registered in public databases and reported in the literature (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and ISI web of science databases). Of the 55 clinical trials identified, the majority (83.3%) were conducted after 2015, of which 77.7% were performed in the United States alone. Eight drugs have been approved by the FDA for HNC, including both generic and commercial forms: bleomycin sulfate, cetuximab (Erbitux), docetaxel (Taxotere), hydroxyurea (Hydrea), pembrolizumab (Keytruda), loqtorzi (Toripalimab-tpzi), methotrexate sodium (Trexall), and nivolumab (Opdivo). The most common drugs to treat HPV-associated OPC under these clinical trials and implemented as well for HPV-negative HNC include cisplatin, nivolumab, cetuximab, paclitaxel, pembrolizumab, 5-fluorouracil, and docetaxel. Few studies have highlighted the necessity for new drugs specifically tailored to patients with HPV-associated OPC, where molecular mechanisms and clinical prognosis are distinct from HPV-negative tumors. In this context, we identified most mutated genes found in HPV-associated OPC that can represent potential targets for drug development. These include , , , , , , , , and .

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11012756PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25074009DOI Listing

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