Novel Thiazole Derivatives Containing Imidazole and Furan Scaffold: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Evaluation.

Carbothioamides , were generated in high yield by reacting furan imidazolyl ketone with -arylthiosemicarbazide in EtOH with a catalytic amount of conc. HCl. The reaction of carbothioamides , with hydrazonyl chlorides - in EtOH with triethylamine at reflux produced 1,3-thiazole derivatives -. In a different approach, the 1,3-thiazole derivatives and were produced by reacting and with chloroacetone to afford and , respectively, followed by diazotization with 4-methylbenzenediazonium chloride. The thiourea derivatives and then reacted with ethyl chloroacetate in ethanol with AcONa at reflux to give the thiazolidinone derivatives and . The produced compounds were tested for antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Using phosphomolybdate, promising thiazoles and showed the best antioxidant activities at 1962.48 and 2007.67 µgAAE/g dry samples, respectively. Thiazoles and had the highest antibacterial activity against and with 28, 25 and 27, 28 mm, respectively. Thiazoles and had the best activity against with 26 mm and 37 mm, respectively. Thiazole had the highest activity against , surpassing cyclohexamide. Most compounds demonstrated lower MIC values than neomycin against , and . A molecular docking study examined how antimicrobial compounds interact with DNA gyrase B crystal structures. The study found that all of the compounds had good binding energy to the enzymes and reacted similarly to the native inhibitor with the target DNA gyrase B enzymes' key amino acids.