Alternative proteins have gained popularity as consumers look for foods that are healthy, nutritious, and sustainable. Plant proteins, precision fermentation-derived proteins, cell-cultured proteins, algal proteins, and mycoproteins are the major types of alternative proteins that have emerged in recent years. This review addresses the major alternative-protein categories and reviews their definitions, current market statuses, production methods, and regulations in different countries, safety assessments, nutrition statuses, functionalities and applications, and, finally, sensory properties and consumer perception. Knowledge relative to traditional dairy proteins is also addressed. Opportunities and challenges associated with these proteins are also discussed. Future research directions are proposed to better understand these technologies and to develop consumer-acceptable final products.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13071010 | DOI Listing |
Chemosphere
January 2025
Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life Earth and Environment, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, B-5000, Namur, Belgium.
ZnO and TiO nanoparticles (NPs) are widely employed for their antibacterial properties, but their potential environmental impact is raising concerns. This study aimed to assess their single and combined effects at environmentally relevant concentrations (210 μg L) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gills microbiota and immune functions. 16S rRNA gene sequencing performed after 5 and 28 days of exposure suggests that TiO NPs had a more immediate impact on bacterial diversity, while prolonged exposure to the mixture altered community composition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal
January 2025
Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González" Av. Dr. José Eleuterio González 235, Mitras Centro 64460 Monterrey, Mexico
Background: Craniofacial mucormycosis is a highly lethal infectious disease. This study aims to assess and analyze multiple variables, including clinical, socioeconomic, and biochemical markers, to identify and examine risk factors for mortality associated with this mycotic infection.
Material And Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 38 patients who sought medical attention at the Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Division of a tertiary-level hospital in Monterrey, Mexico.
J Exp Bot
January 2025
Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Group A basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors play critical roles in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and plant development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, these factors are defined by a highly conserved core bZIP domain, and four conserved domains throughout their length: three at the N-terminus (C1 to C3) and a phosphorylatable C-terminal SAP motif located at the C4 domain. Initially, members such as ABI5 and ABFs were studied for their roles in ABA signaling during seed germination or stress responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
January 2025
Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
Complex coacervation is a form of liquid-liquid phase separation, whereby two types of macromolecules, usually bearing opposite net charges, self-assemble into dense microdroplets driven by weak molecular interactions. Peptide-based coacervates have recently emerged as promising carriers to deliver large macromolecules (nucleic acids, proteins and complex thereof) inside cells. Thus, it is essential to understand their assembly/disassembly mechanisms at the molecular level in order to tune the thermodynamics of coacervates formation and the kinetics of cargo release upon entering the cell.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Bot
January 2025
National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
The transport of metabolites across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) is crucial for maintaining energy balance and efficient distribution of metabolic intermediates between cellular compartments. Under abiotic stress, mitochondrial function becomes particularly critical, activating complex signaling pathways essential for plant stress responses. These pathways modulate stress-responsive gene expression, influencing key physiological processes such as cell respiration and senescence, helping plants adapt to stress.
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