Despite decades of research and the best up-to-date treatments, grade 4 Glioblastoma (GBM) remains uniformly fatal with a patient median overall survival of less than 2 years. Recent advances in immunotherapy have reignited interest in utilizing immunological approaches to fight cancer. However, current immunotherapies have so far not met the anticipated expectations, achieving modest results in their journey from bench to bedside for the treatment of GBM. Understanding the intrinsic features of GBM is of crucial importance for the development of effective antitumoral strategies to improve patient life expectancy and conditions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the distinctive characteristics of GBM that significantly influence current conventional therapies and immune-based approaches. Moreover, we present an overview of the immunotherapeutic strategies currently undergoing clinical evaluation for GBM treatment, with a specific emphasis on those advancing to phase 3 clinical studies. These encompass immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T cell therapies, vaccination strategies (i.e., RNA-, DNA-, and peptide-based vaccines), and virus-based approaches. Finally, we explore novel innovative strategies and future prospects in the field of immunotherapy for GBM.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16071276 | DOI Listing |
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
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Department of Haematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Department of Emergency Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital Chongqing Hospital (Qijiang District People's Hospital), Chongqing, China.
In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been made in cancer therapy, particularly with the development of molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies, owing to advances in tumor molecular biology and molecular immunology. High-grade gliomas (HGGs), characterized by their high malignancy, remain challenging to treat despite standard treatment regimens, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and tumor treating fields (TTF). These therapies provide limited efficacy, highlighting the need for novel treatment strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Cancer
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Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Background: Neuroblastoma, a prevalent extracranial solid tumor in pediatric patients, demonstrates significant clinical heterogeneity, ranging from spontaneous regression to aggressive metastatic disease. Despite advances in treatment, high-risk neuroblastoma remains associated with poor survival. SLC1A5, a key glutamine transporter, plays a dual role in promoting tumor growth and immune modulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpert Opin Emerg Drugs
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Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
Introduction: Sarcomas are a rare and diverse group of mesenchymal-origin solid tumors, constituting only 1% of adult malignancies and classified into soft tissue and bone sarcomas. For localized disease, surgery and radiotherapy remain the cornerstone treatments. However, systemic options for advanced stages are limited, with an overall survival of approximately 20 months.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality around the world and most of our conventional treatments are not efficient enough to combat this deadly disease. Harnessing the power of the immune system to target cancer cells is one of the most appealing methods for cancer therapy. Nucleotide-based cancer vaccines, especially deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cancer vaccines are viable novel cancer treatments that have recently garnered significant attention.
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