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Environmental exposures and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hepatol Commun
February 2025
Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
The global epidemiology of HCC is shifting due to changes in both established and emerging risk factors. This transformation is marked by an emerging prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and type 2 diabetes, alongside traditional risks such as viral hepatitis (HBV and HCV), and exposure to chemical agents like aflatoxin, alcohol, tobacco, and air pollution. This review examines how environmental exposures and evolving liver pathology, exacerbated by lifestyle and metabolic conditions, are contributing to the rising worldwide incidence of HCC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring Denosumab in the Treatment of Giant Cell Tumors: Clinical Evidence and Controversies.
J Craniofac Surg
November 2024
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are benign but locally aggressive bone neoplasms that primarily affect skeletally mature individuals. They are characterized by a tendency for recurrence and being associated with significant morbidity. Traditional treatment has focused on surgical resection; however, the role of medical therapies, such as Denosumab, a bone anti-resorptive drug, which has been Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for unresectable GCTs since 2013, recently has gained prominence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRECQL4 affects MHC class II-mediated signalling and favours an immune-evasive signature that limits response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with malignant melanoma.
Clin Transl Med
January 2025
Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany.
Background: Cancer immunotherapy has transformed metastatic cancer treatment, yet challenges persist regarding therapeutic efficacy. RECQL4, a RecQ-like helicase, plays a central role in DNA replication and repair as part of the DNA damage response, a pathway implicated in enhancing efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies. However, its role in patient response to ICI remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndometriosis-associated primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder: A case report and literature review.
Urol Case Rep
January 2025
Hackensack University Medical Center, 30 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA.
Primary clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) of the urinary bladder is a rare and aggressive malignancy. Few reports in the literature describe this presentation, as associated with malignant transformation of endometriosis. This case highlights the complex etiology of this variant of CCA, initially diagnosed using comprehensive imaging and genetic analysis, and subsequently confirmed through extensive surgical intervention and chemotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends of alkaline phosphatase to prealbumin ratio in patients with hepatitis B linked to hepatocellular carcinoma development.
World J Gastroenterol
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China.
Background: Chronic hepatitis B often progresses silently toward hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Early detection of HCC is crucial, yet challenging.
Aim: To investigate the role of dynamic changes in alkaline phosphatase to prealbumin ratio (APR) in hepatitis B progression to HCC.
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