Conventional imaging modalities, such as computed tomography angiography, MR angiography, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, and digital subtraction angiography, are utilized in evaluating intraluminal or intravascular pathology of the intracranial vessels. Limitations of luminal imaging techniques can lead to inaccurate diagnosis, evaluation, and risk stratification, as many cerebrovascular pathologies contain an extrinsic vessel wall component. Furthermore, vessel wall imaging can provide information regarding extent, treatment response, and biopsy targets for vasculitis cases. Overall, while vessel wall imaging can provide robust data regarding intracranial pathologies, further prospective, multicenter studies are required to improve diagnostic application and accuracy.
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