Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), the principal incretin in horses, may play a role in the pathophysiology of insulin dysregulation (ID). This study aimed to describe its concentration in response to three preserved forages and four dynamic tests for ID in ponies. Twelve adult ponies of mixed ID status were given a meal of hay, soaked hay or haylage, an in-feed oral glucose test (OGT), oral sugar test (OST), an oral test using a proprietary breakfast cereal (WEET) or a combined glucose-insulin tolerance test (CGIT) weekly in a randomised cross-over study. Glucose, insulin and GLP-1 concentrations were measured before and following each intervention. Ponies were designated ID or non-ID and insulin resistant (IR) or non-IR according to OGT and CGIT results, respectively. All interventions apart from the CGIT provoked a GLP-1 response within 30 min. The OGT and WEET interventions, (containing the greatest dose of non-structural carbohydrate, 1.06 and 1 g/kg BW, respectively), resulted in a greater area under the curve (AUC) for GLP-1 compared to all other interventions (P < 0.001). No difference in GLP-1 response was detected according to ID or IR status, despite there being strong positive correlations (r [95 % CI]) between GLP-1 and insulin concentrations measured at individual time points (0.67 [0.62 - 0.71]; P < 0.001) and as AUC (0.66 [0.49-0.79], P < 0.001). These data do not support of the use of GLP-1 as an adjunctive diagnostic test for ID or IR, as defined by conventional intravenous or oral dynamic tests.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106110 | DOI Listing |
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
January 2025
Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Context: In males of normal weight, intraduodenal administration of calcium enhances the effects of the amino acid, L-tryptophan (Trp), to suppress energy intake, associated with greater stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) secretion (key mechanisms underlying the regulation of pyloric motility and gastric emptying), but not gastrin or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).
Objective: Given the implications for the management of obesity, the current study evaluated the effects of calcium, when administered alone and in combination with Trp, on gut hormone secretion, antropyloroduodenal motility and energy intake in males with obesity.
Methods: Fifteen males with obesity and without type 2 diabetes (mean±SD; age: 27±8 years; body mass index: 30±2 kg/m2; HbA1c: 5.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone that plays several physiological roles in treating diabetes and in protecting the brain. Recent clinical trials testing 4 different GLP-1 class drugs in phase 2 trials showed a clear correlation between neuroprotection and the ability to cross the BBB. Exenatide and Lixisenatide both showed excellent protective effects in patients Parkinson's disease (PD) and both drugs can readily cross the BBB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Neurology, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom, London, London, United Kingdom.
Background: Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue licensed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Preclinical evidence in transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease suggests that liraglutide exerts neuroprotective effects by reducing amyloid oligomers, normalising synaptic plasticity and cerebral glucose uptake, and increasing the proliferation of neuronal progenitor cells.
Method: This is a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase IIb trial of liraglutide in participants with mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia, conducted at several centres in the UK.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
Background: Only about 50% of the variance in cognitive decline occurring during Alzheimer's pathogenesis is attributable to standard AD biomarkers (cerebrocortical Aβ, pathological tau, and atrophy) (Tosun et al., Alzheimer's Dement. 18: 1370, 2022).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: evoke and evoke+ are phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trials currently investigating the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist semaglutide as disease-modifying therapy (DMT) in persons with early Alzheimer's disease (AD). How the evoke and evoke+ trial populations compare with other phase 3 programs for DMTs in early AD has not been described.
Method: We compare the inclusion/exclusion criteria and baseline characteristics of the evoke/evoke+ trial populations with those of Clarity AD (lecanemab) and TRAILBLAZER-ALZ-2 (donanemab): two recent phase 3 trials assessing anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies in persons with early AD.
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