Digital musculoskeletal program is associated with decreased joint replacement rates.

Objectives: To compare 12-month total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) rates for digital musculoskeletal (MSK) program members vs patients who received traditional care for knee or hip osteoarthritis (OA).

Study Design: Retrospective, longitudinal study with propensity score-matched comparison group that used commercial medical claims data representing more than 100 million commercially insured lives.

Methods: Study participants with hip OA (M16.x) or knee OA (M17.x) International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes were identified in the medical claims database. Digital MSK program members were identified using record linkage tokens. The comparison group had hip- or knee-related physical therapy identified via ICD-10-CM and Current Procedural Terminology codes. Respectively in each knee and hip OA group, digital members were matched to control group patients with similar demographics, comorbidities, and baseline MSK-related medical care use. TKA and THA at 12 months post participation were compared.

Results: In the knee OA group, 739 of 56,634 control group patients were matched to 739 digital members. At 12 months, 3.79% of digital members and 14.21% of control group patients had TKA (difference, 10.42%; P < .001). In the hip OA group, 141 of 20,819 control group patients were matched to 141 digital members. At 12 months, 16.31% of digital members and 32.62% of control group patients had THA (difference, 16.31%; P = .001).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that patients who participated in a digital MSK program to manage OA have lower rates of total joint arthroplasty in the 12 months after enrollment.