AI Article Synopsis
- Inflammation of the placenta can negatively impact both the fetus and the mother, with strong ties to diabetes during pregnancy.
- The study analyzed immune cell responses in the placenta from patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), identifying differences in inflammatory markers and structural changes in the placental villi.
- Results indicated that T1DM is linked with increased inflammation in placental cells, while GDM shows stable inflammatory markers but significant issues with placental development, suggesting differing impacts of the two types of diabetes on placental health.
Article Abstract
Introduction: Inflammation of the placenta is harmful to both the fetus and the mother. Inflammation is strongly associated with diabetes, a common complication of pregnancy. Hofbauer cells (HBCs), unique immune system cells of fetal origin in the placenta, play complex roles, including growth of placental villi and their branching, stromal remodelling, and angiogenesis.
Methods: Our study investigated the expression of IL-1β, IL-10, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2J2 and sEH in HBCs from patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to healthy controls using immunohistochemistry. We also assessed the structure of the villus stroma using Masson´s trichrome.
Results: In T1DM, HBCs showed inflammatory activation characterised by increased IL-1β and decreased CYP epoxygenase expression compared to normal placentas. Conversely, significant inflammation in HBCs appeared less likely in GDM, as levels of IL-1β and CYP epoxygenases remained stable compared to normal placentas. However, GDM showed a significant increase in sEH expression. Both types of diabetes showed delayed placental villous maturation and hypovascularisation, with GDM showing a more pronounced effect.
Conclusion: The expression profiles of IL-1β, CYP epoxygenases and sEH significantlly differ between controls and diabetic placentas and between T1DM and GDM. These facts suggest an association of the CYP epoxygenase-EETs-sEH axis with IL-1β expression as well as villous stromal hypovascularisation. Given the stable high expression of IL-10 in both controls and both types of diabetes, it appears that immune tolerance is maintained in HBCs.
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|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10999664 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1386528 | DOI Listing |
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