Pericardiotomy and atrial fibrillation after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 randomised controlled trials.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and pericardial effusion are notable complications following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), contributing to increased morbidity and healthcare costs. Posterior pericardiotomy has been proposed to mitigate these complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the efficacy of posterior pericardiotomy in reducing postoperative AF and pericardial effusion in isolated CABG patients.

Materials And Methods: A comprehensive literature search, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, was conducted across PubMed, MEDLINE via Ovid, Embase, Scopus, the Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov up to December 2023. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing prophylactic posterior pericardiotomy to control treatments in adult CABG patients were included. The primary outcomes assessed were the incidences of postoperative AF and pericardial effusion.

Results: The meta-analysis incorporated 16 RCTs with a total of 2414 patients. The findings demonstrated a significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative AF (Odds Ratio = 0.34, 95 % CI: 0.25-0.48, P < 0.00001) and pericardial effusion (Odd Ratio = 0.24, 95 % CI: 0.15-0.38, P < 0.0001) in the group undergoing posterior pericardiotomy. However, the analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity and publication bias in the included studies.

Conclusion: The posterior pericardiotomy is effective in reducing the incidences of AF and pericardial effusion in patients undergoing isolated CABG. Despite the positive outcomes, the presence of heterogeneity and publication bias warrants a cautious interpretation of the results and underscores the need for further multicentre RCTs in this area.