Efficiency of magnesium oxide nanoparticle in contaminants removal from environmental water samples: Optimization through central composite design.

This experimental study was conducted to synthesize magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles and investigate their efficiency in removing arsenic, brilliant cresyl blue, and neutral red from aqueous solutions. The MgO nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analyses. The results revealed that the synthesized MgO nanoparticles had a spherical structure with an estimated average size of approximately 30 nm. The influence of solution pH, concentration, adsorbent amount, type of eluent, and interference of interfering ions was examined and optimized for removing arsenic, brilliant cresyl blue, and neutral red. The optimal conditions for the removal process were determined as pH of 7, MgO amount of 0.037 g, ultrasonication time of 16 min, and concentration of 25 mg L. The experimental removal efficiencies of arsenic, brilliant cresyl blue, and neutral red in aqueous samples ranged from 88.49% to 96.03%. The results of eluent selection showed that ethanol had the highest removal efficiency of analytes from the absorbent surface. The reusability of the MgO adsorbent demonstrated its effective use for the continuous removal of arsenic, brilliant cresyl blue, and neutral red for at least four consecutive cycles. Overall, the results suggest that MgO nanoparticles could be an effective and cost-efficient adsorbent for removing arsenic, brilliant cresyl blue, and neutral red from real samples.