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Nitric oxide modulates contrast suppression in a subset of mouse retinal ganglion cells.
Elife
January 2025
Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Neuromodulators have major influences on the regulation of neural circuit activity across the nervous system. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be a prominent neuromodulator in many circuits and has been extensively studied in the retina. Here, it has been associated with the regulation of light adaptation, gain control, and gap junctional coupling, but its effect on the retinal output, specifically on the different types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), is still poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRevolutionizing Neuroimmunology: Unraveling Immune Dynamics and Therapeutic Innovations in CNS Disorders.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Anatomy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
Neuroimmunology is reshaping the understanding of the central nervous system (CNS), revealing it as an active immune organ rather than an isolated structure. This review delves into the unprecedented discoveries transforming the field, including the emerging roles of microglia, astrocytes, and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in orchestrating neuroimmune dynamics. Highlighting their dual roles in both repair and disease progression, we uncover how these elements contribute to the intricate pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular conditions, and CNS tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNoninvasive Electrical Modalities to Alleviate Respiratory Deficits Following Spinal Cord Injury.
Life (Basel)
December 2024
Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
(1) Background: Respiratory dysfunction is a debilitating consequence of cervical and thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI), resulting from the loss of cortico-spinal drive to respiratory motor networks. This impairment affects both central and peripheral nervous systems, disrupting motor control and muscle innervation, which is essential for effective breathing. These deficits significantly impact the health and quality of life of individuals with SCI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTranscutaneous Non-Invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation: Changing the Paradigm for Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation Therapies?
Biomolecules
November 2024
Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Cerebrovascular Sciences and Neuromodulation, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
A new therapeutic approach, known as neuromodulation therapy-which encompasses a variety of interventional techniques meant to alter the nervous system in order to achieve therapeutic effects-has emerged in recent years as a result of advancements in neuroscience. Currently used methods for neuromodulation include direct and indirect approaches, as well as invasive and non-invasive interventions. For instance, the two primary methods of stimulating the vagus nerve (VN) are invasive VN stimulation (iVNS) and transcutaneous VN stimulation (tVNS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLabel free, capillary-scale blood flow mapping in vivo reveals that low-intensity focused ultrasound evokes persistent dilation in cortical microvasculature.
Commun Biol
January 2025
Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
Non-invasive, low intensity focused ultrasound is an emerging neuromodulation technique that offers the potential for precision, personalized therapy. An increasing body of research has identified mechanosensitive ion channels that can be modulated by FUS and support acute electrical activity in neurons. However, neuromodulatory effects that persist from hours to days have also been reported.
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