Goose astrovirus type 2 (GAstV-2) is a novel pathogen causing visceral gout in goslings; it not only causes necrosis of renal epithelial cells but also causes spleen damage, indicating that GAstV-2 induces immunosuppression in goslings. However, to date, the interaction between GAstV-2 and immune cells remains unclear. In this study, peripheral blood lymphocytes and macrophages were isolated from goslings without GAstV-2 infection and then inoculated with GAstV-2, and the virus localization in the lymphocytes and macrophages, proliferation and apoptosis of lymphocytes, and phagocytic activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production, and cell polarity in macrophages were determined. The results showed that GAstV-2 was observed in the cytoplasm of CD4 and CD8 T cells and macrophages, indicating that GAstV-2 can infect both lymphocytes and macrophages. GAstV-2 infection reduced the lymphocyte proliferation induced by Concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide stimulation and increased the lymphocyte apoptosis rate and mRNA expression of Fas, demonstrating that GAstV-2 causes damage to lymphocytes. Moreover, GAstV-2 infection enhanced phagocytic activity and production of ROS and NO and induced a proinflammatory phenotype in macrophages (M1 macrophages), indicating that macrophages play an antiviral role during GAstV-2 infection. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that GAstV-2 infection causes damages to lymphocytes, and host macrophages inhibit GAstV-2 invasion during infection.
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Article Synopsis
- Goose astroviruses (GAstVs) lead to severe gout in goslings, causing significant economic losses in China's goose farming sector, especially following outbreaks in 2023.
- Researchers isolated two GAstV strains (GXNN and GDCS) from affected farms, both identified as GAstV-2 subtypes, with distinct mutations found in their capsid proteins.
- Infected 1-day-old goslings exhibited serious symptoms like visceral gout, enlarged spleens, and high mortality rates, which were 80% for GXNN and 60% for GDCS, highlighting the urgency to understand GAstVs' evolutionary trends and epidemic risks in the region.
Epidemiological Investigation of Goose Astrovirus in Hebei Province, China, 2019-2021.
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College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
The goose astrovirus (GAstV), a key pathogen causing visceral gout and high mortality in geese, has spread widely in China, with frequent outbreaks in recent years. Outbreaks and transmissions of this virus have been reported across China, causing considerable economic losses to the goose industry worldwide, with losses exceeding tens of billions in China alone. However, there is still no effective prevention strategy against this virus.
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