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A Narrative Review of the Interplay Between Carbohydrate Intake and Diabetes Medications: Unexplored Connections and Clinical Implications.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Department of Pharmacy, University of Limpopo, Mankweng 0727, South Africa.
This narrative review examines the dynamic interplay between carbohydrate intake and diabetes medications, highlighting their combined molecular and clinical effects on glycemic control. Carbohydrates, a primary energy source, significantly influence postprandial glucose regulation and necessitate careful coordination with pharmacological therapies, including insulin, metformin, glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Low-glycemic-index (GI) foods enhance insulin sensitivity, stabilize glycemic variability, and optimize medication efficacy, while high-GI foods exacerbate glycemic excursions and insulin resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding Patterns of the Gut Microbiome May Contribute to the Early Detection and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.
Microorganisms
January 2025
Department Neuromed & Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU), 7034 Trondheim, Norway.
The rising burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global public health problem, particularly prominent in developing countries. The early detection of T2DM and prediabetes is vital for reversing the outcome of disease, allowing early intervention. In the past decade, various microbiome-metabolome studies have attempted to address the question of whether there are any common microbial patterns that indicate either prediabetic or diabetic gut microbial signatures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratios (ICERs) and Revised Metformin Cost-Effectiveness Conclusions in the Diabetes Prevention Program/ Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Am J Lifestyle Med
January 2025
Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Boston, MA, USA.
Based on previously published US Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs), metformin continues to be promoted as "cost-effective." We reviewed a 10-year CEA to assess this. Treatment alternatives included placebo, branded metformin and individual lifestyle modification.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Up-to-date Treatment for Diabetes and Prevention of its Complications.
Juntendo Iji Zasshi
December 2024
Diabetes mellitus, characterized by high blood glucose due to inadequate insulin action, comprises two main types: type 1, an autoimmune disease, and type 2, marked by insulin resistance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of diabetes management and treatment advancements. Effective diabetes management includes maintaining blood glucose levels within normal ranges and monitoring HbA1c, a marker reflecting average glucose levels over the past few months.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntidiabetic agent use and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
January 2025
Boston College, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston, MA, United States.
Background: The effect of antidiabetic agents on mortality outcomes is unclear for individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) who are hospitalized for COVID-19.
Purpose: To examine the relationship between antidiabetic agent use and clinical outcomes in individuals with DM hospitalized for COVID-19.
Methods: A systematic review of the literature (2020-2024) was performed across five databases.
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