sp. nov., a facultatively anaerobic, propionate-producing bacterium isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating waste from cattle farms.

Facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains were isolated from samples of a methanogenic reactor and, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, found to be affiliated with the family in the phylum Four strains with almost-identical 16S rRNA gene sequences were comprehensively characterized. The most closely related species to the strains was BL-34 (96.4 % sequence similarity). Although most of the phenotypic characteristics of the four strains were identical, distinct differences in some cellular and physiological properties were also detected. Cells of the strains were Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pleomorphic rods. The strains utilized carbohydrates and organic acids. The strains produced acetate, propionate and lactate from glucose, but the molar ratios of the products were variable depending on the strains. The strains grew at 10-40 °C (optimum at 35 °C) and pH 5.3-8.8 (optimum at pH 6.8-7.5.) The major cellular fatty acids of the strains were anteiso-C, C and C dimethylacetal (as a summed feature). The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-9(H) and the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan was -diaminopimelic acid. The genome size of the type strain (SH051) was 3.21 Mb and the genome DNA G+C content was 65.7 mol%. Genes responsible for propionate production through the Wood-Werkman pathway were detected in the genome of strain SH051. Based on the results of phylogenetic, genomic and phenotypic analyses of the novel strains, the name sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the four strains. The type strain of the novel species is SH051 (=NBRC 116195=DSM 116141).