Microsecond fast, battery powered, 100 kV modular pulse charger utilizing pulse transformers.

Multiple pulse charging modules were designed and tested for synchronous use in scaled experiments. The pulse chargers are each capable of charging a nanofarad-sized capacitive load to 100 kV in less than 10 µs. This is achieved by initially charging a microfarad-sized capacitor to a maximum of 3 kV, then, using a thyristor switch, discharging the capacitor into two transformers paralleled on the primary side. Each transformer steps the voltage up to 50 kV, with the transformer having opposing polarities and a common neutral on the secondary. Thus, the full 100 kV is obtained by placing the nanofarad-sized capacitor between the +50 and -50 kV terminals. The pulse chargers use a microcontroller to monitor and control the pulse charger in addition to communicating with the user as well as other pulse chargers. For increased battery life, each pulse charger is kept in a low-power state while not in use. Upon startup, the pulse chargers automatically detect the number of modules in the system, the position of itself in the system, and the timing delays associated with each pulse charger in the system. This information is essential for synchronous charging and provides individual information and controls for the pulse chargers.