The success of checkpoint blockade cancer immunotherapies has unequivocally confirmed the critical role of T cells in cancer immunity and boosted the development of immunotherapeutic strategies targeting specific antigens on cancer cells. The vast immunogenetic diversity of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles across populations is a key factor influencing the advancement of HLA class I-restricted therapies and related research and diagnostic tools.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-23-1536 | DOI Listing |
Mol Cell
December 2024
Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address:
The efficacy of antibody responses is inherently linked to paratope diversity, as generated through V(D)J recombination and somatic hypermutation. Despite this, it is unclear how genetic diversification mechanisms evolved alongside codon optimality and affect antibody expression. Here, we analyze germline immunoglobulin (IG) genes, natural V(D)J repertoires, serum IgG, and monoclonal antibody (mAb) expression through the lens of codon optimality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunogenetics
December 2024
Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) is a transmembrane protein localized on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells, encompassing a core protein with heparin sulfate and chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan side chains. SDC-1 is involved in a panoply of cellular mechanisms including cell-to-cell adhesion, extracellular matrix interactions, cell cycle modulation, and lipid clearance. Alterations in the expression and function of SDC-1 are implicated in numerous disease entities, making it an attractive diagnostic and therapeutic target.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrief Bioinform
November 2024
Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning, Nanjing 211106, China.
With the increasing number of indications for immune checkpoint inhibitors in early and advanced cancers, the prospect of a tumor-agnostic biomarker to prioritize patients is compelling. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is a widely endorsed biomarker that quantifies nonsynonymous mutations within tumor DNA, essential for neoantigen production, which, in turn, correlates with the immune response and guides decision-making. However, the general clinical application of TMB-relying on simple mutational counts targeted at a single endpoint-does not adequately capture the complex clonal structure of tumors nor the multifaceted nature of prognostic indicators.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
December 2024
Department of Neurology and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (s) are essential components of the innate immune system found on the surfaces of natural killer (NK) cells. The s encoding genes are located on chromosome 19q13.4 and are genetically diverse across populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
December 2024
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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