Purpose: Biological factors and mechanisms that drive higher prevalence of insomnia in females are poorly understood. This study focused on the neurological consequences of X-chromosome functional imbalances between sexes.
Methods: Benefited from publicly available large-scale genetic, transcriptional and epigenomic data, we curated and contrasted different gene lists: (1) X-liked genes, including assignments for X-chromosome inactivation patterns and disease associations; (2) sleep-associated genes; (3) gene expression markers for the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
Results: We show that X-linked markers for the suprachiasmatic nucleus are significantly enriched for clinically relevant genes in the context of rare genetic syndromes and brain waves modulation.
Conclusion: Considering female-specific patterns on brain transcriptional programs becomes essential when designing health care strategies for mental and sleep illnesses with sex bias in prevalence.
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