The loss of active materials is one of the main culprits of the battery failures. As a typical example, the presence of inactive lithium, also known as "dead lithium", contributes to the rapid capacity deterioration and reduces energy output in lithium batteries. This phenomenon has long been recognized as irreversible. In this Minireview, the first of this kind, we aim to summarize the formation of inactive lithium and reassess its impact on battery performance metrics. Additionally, we explore various strategies that have been devised to rejuvenate inactive lithium. This comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in reactivating inactive lithium not only offers insights into restoring capacity and enhancing battery performance metrics but also provides a foundation for future research in reviving other inactive materials found in next-generation batteries, such as lithium metal batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, other alkali metal batteries, and liquid flow batteries.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202404554 | DOI Listing |
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
December 2024
Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wilhelm-Runge-Straße 10, Ulm 89081, Germany.
Silicon presents itself as a high-capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries with a promising future. The high ability for lithiation comes along with massive volume changes and a problematic voltage hysteresis, causing reduced efficiency, detrimental heat generation, and a complicated state-of-charge estimation. During slow cycling, amorphous silicon nanoparticles show a larger voltage hysteresis than after relaxation periods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInorg Chem
November 2024
Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
To better understand the electrochemical reaction mechanism of the MgSi electrode in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), a rational all-electrochem-active MgSi electrode is first designed to minimize the inactive component-related interfacial degradation. This is due to its unique mixed conductivity properties, including a high electronic conductivity of up to 8.9 × 10 S cm and an ionic conductivity of 9.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRSC Adv
October 2024
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100191 China.
High-entropy oxide (HEO) has emerged as a promising anode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical specific capacity. However, the further application of HEO is restricted by its complicated interface problems and inevitable expansion effect. In this work, a simple approach to coat spinel HEO (FeCoNiCrMn)O with a hybrid layer of lithium titanate (LTO) and carbon is presented.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall Methods
October 2024
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Addressing the issue of inactive dead lithium deposition on the anode side remains a significant challenge for anode-free lithium metal batteries. While lithium compensation techniques can mitigate lithium depletion, directly introducing lithium compounds into the cathode material may degrade the electrode structure. Here the design and fabrication of a novel lithium replenishment separator (LRS) using a lithium compensation agent of LiCO is reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
December 2024
School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China.
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