AI Article Synopsis

  • - Climate change is a significant threat to biodiversity, potentially endangering 15-30% of species, including the Indian pangolin, whose habitat was studied over a period from 2021 to 2023 across Pakistan.
  • - Researchers utilized occurrence data and climate models to predict the current and future habitats of the Indian pangolin, finding a model accuracy rate of 88.5% and identifying key climate factors influencing its suitable habitat.
  • - The study forecasted a substantial decline in suitable habitat for the Indian pangolin, with losses estimated at nearly 27% under one climate scenario (SSP 585) during 2061-2080, while gains in habitat were significantly lower than the losses.

Article Abstract

Climate change is among the greatest drivers of biodiversity loss, threatening up to 15-30% of described species by the end of the twenty-first century. We estimated the current suitable habitat and forecasted future distribution ranges of Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) under climate change scenarios. We collected occurrence records of Indian pangolin using burrow counts, remote camera records and previously published literature in Pakistan during 2021-2023. We downloaded bioclimatic data for current (1970-2000) and future (2041-2060, 2061-2080, 2081-2100) climate scenarios from the WorldClim database using the Hadley Global Environment Model (HadGEM3-GC31-LL). We used MaxEnt software to predict current and future distributions of Indian pangolin, then computed the amount of habitat lost, gained, and unchanged across periods. We obtained 560 Indian pangolin occurrences overall, 175 during the study, and 385 from our literature search. Model accuracy was very good (AUC = 0.885, TSS = 0.695), and jackknife tests of variable importance showed that the contribution of annual mean temperature (bio1) was greatest (33.4%), followed by the mean temperature of the coldest quarter (bio-12, 29.3%), temperature seasonality (bio 4, 25.9%), and precipitation seasonality (bio 15, 11.5%). The maxent model predicted that during the current time period (1970-2000) highly suitable habitat for Indian pangolin was (7270 km, 2.2%), followed by moderately suitable (12,418 km, 3.7%), less suitable (49,846 km, 14.8%), and unsuitable habitat (268,355 km, 79.4%). Highly suitable habitat decreased in the western part of the study area under most SSPs and in the central parts it declined under all SSPs and in future time periods. The predicted loss in the suitable habitat of the Indian pangolin was greatest (26.97%) under SSP 585 followed by SSP 126 (23.67%) during the time 2061-2080. The gain in suitable habitat of Indian pangolin was less than that of losses on average which ranged between 1.91 and 13.11% under all SSPs during all time periods. While the stable habitat of the Indian pangolin ranged between 64.60 and 83.85% under all SSPs during all time periods. Our study provides the current and future habitat ranges of Indian pangolin in the face of a changing climate. The findings of our study could be helpful for policymakers to set up conservation strategies for Indian pangolin in Pakistan.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10981748PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58173-wDOI Listing

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