Interpectoral and Pectoserratus Plane Block vs. Local Anesthetic Infiltration for Partial Mastectomy: A Prospective Randomized Trial.

Background: Patients undergoing breast surgery are at risk of severe postoperative pain. Several opioid-sparing strategies exist to alleviate this condition. Regional anesthesia has long been a part of perioperative pain management for these patients.

Aim: This randomized study examined the benefits of interpectoral and pectoserratus plane block (IPP/PSP), also known as pectoralis nerve plain block, compared with advanced local anesthetic infiltration.

Methods: We analyzed 57 patients undergoing partial mastectomy with sentinel node dissection. They received either an ultrasound-guided IPP/PSP block performed preoperatively by an anesthetist or local anesthetic infiltration performed by the surgeon before and during the surgery.

Results: Pain measured with the numerical rating scale (NRS) indicated no statistically significant difference between the groups (IPP/PSP 1.67 vs. infiltration 1.97; value 0.578). Intraoperative use of fentanyl was significantly lower in the IPP/PSP group (0.18 mg vs 0.21 mg; value 0.041). There was no statistically significant difference in the length of stay in the PACU (166 min vs 175 min; value 0.51). There were no differences in reported postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) between the groups. The difference in postoperative use of oxycodone in the PACU ( value 0.7) and the use of oxycodone within 24 hours postoperatively ( value 0.87) was not statistically significant.

Conclusions: Our study showed decreased intraoperative opioid use in the IPP/PSP group and no difference in postoperative pain scores up to 24 hours. Both groups reported low postoperative pain scores. This trial is registered with NCT04824599.