AI Article Synopsis

  • Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved the health of people with HIV (PWH), yet they still experience chronic inflammation and immune activation despite effective treatment.
  • A study was conducted comparing the plasma metabolomic profiles of 17 PWH on long-term ART with 19 healthy controls, using advanced statistical methods to analyze the data.
  • Results showed that while there were no major differences in metabolomic profiles between the groups, three significant metabolites related to inflammation were identified in PWH, indicating some residual metabolic changes linked to inflammation even after effective treatment.

Article Abstract

Background: Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in people with HIV (PWH). However, a chronic state of immune activation and inflammation is maintained despite achieving HIV suppression and satisfactory immunological recovery. We aimed to determine whether the plasma metabolomic profile of PWH on long-term suppressive ART and immunologically recovered approximates the normality by comparison with healthy controls with similar age and gender.

Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study in 17 PWH on long-term ART (HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL, CD4 ≥500 cells/mm, and CD4/CD8 ≥1) and 19 healthy controls with similar age and gender. Metabolomics analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The statistical association analysis was performed by principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and Generalized Linear Models (GLM) with a gamma distribution (log-link). Significance levels (p-value) were corrected for multiple testing (q-value).

Results: PCA and PLS-DA analyses found no relevant differences between groups. Adjusted GLM showed 14 significant features (q-value<0.20), of which only three could be identified: lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) (22:6) (q-value=0.148), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) (22:6) (q-value=0.050) and hydroperoxy-octadecatrienoic acid (HpOTrE)/dihydroperoxy-octadecatrienoic acid (DiHOTrE)/epoxy-octadecadienoic acid (EpODE) (q-value=0.136). These significant identified metabolites were directly correlated to plasma inflammatory biomarkers in PWH and negatively correlated in healthy controls.

Conclusion: PWH on long-term ART have a metabolomic profile that is almost normal compared to healthy controls. Nevertheless, residual metabolic alterations linked to inflammatory biomarkers persist, which could favor the development of age-related comorbidities among this population.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10972849PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1340610DOI Listing

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