Molecular detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing from bat caves on Lombok Island.

Background: The discovery of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria in wild animals is an indication of their potential for wildlife as a reservoir. Bats are natural reservoir hosts and a source of infection for several microorganisms and have the potential to become vectors for the spread of zoonotic diseases.

Aim: A study was conducted based on these characteristics to identify and detect the TEM gene in isolated from bat excrements in Tanjung Ringgit Cave, East Lombok.

Methods: Bat fecal samples were firstly inoculated onto eosin methylene blue agar media. Recovered bacterial isolates were further characterized using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. TEM gene detection was carried out using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results: Out of the 150 bat fecal samples obtained from Tanjung Ringgit cave, Lombok Island, Indonesia, 56 (37%) were positive for . Eight (8) out of the 56 isolates that underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disc diffusion method were confirmed to be multidrug-resistant as they exhibited resistance to at least three different classes of antibiotics. Out of the eight (8) multidrug resistance isolates recovered from fecal samples of bats, 2 (two) harbored the TEM gene.

Conclusion: The discovery of the TEM gene in bat fecal samples indicates the potential for wild animals, especially bats, to spread ESBL resistance genes to the environment and to humans.