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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
Background: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) exhibits isoform-specific interactions with Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathology. In comparison with the more common ApoE3 isoform, ApoE4 promotes amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, enhances tau-mediated neurodegeneration and inflammation. However, the lack of appropriate preclinical models has limited the ability to evaluate the potential synergistic effect of Aβ, tau and ApoE on cognition and disease progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEthical Considerations and Implications of Multi-Cancer Early Detection Screening: Reliability, Access and Cost to Test and Treat.
Camb Q Healthc Ethics
January 2025
Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
This essay focuses on the ethical considerations and implications of providing a universal multi-cancer screening test as the best approach to reduce societal cancer burden in a society with limited funds, resources, and infrastructure. With 1.9 million cancer diagnoses each year in the United States, with 86% of all cancers diagnosed in individuals over the age of 50, and with screening tools approved for only four cancer types (breast, cervical, colorectal, and lung cancer), it seems that a multi-cancer screening test to detect most cancer early that is easy to administer, and is accurate and cost-effective, would be worth considering.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFApplication and progress of non-invasive imaging in predicting lung invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma under the new IASLC grading guidelines.
Insights Imaging
January 2025
Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Institute of Clinical Translation of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Soochow University, Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Changzhou, China.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (INMA) being the most common type and carrying a poor prognosis. In 2020, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) pathology committee proposed a new histological grading system, which offers more precise prognostic assessments by combining the proportions of major and high-grade histological patterns. Accurate identification of lung INMA grading is crucial for clinical diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis evaluation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAI-Enabled CT Cardiac Chamber Volumetry Predicts Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Comparable to MRI.
JACC Adv
November 2024
Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
Article Synopsis
- AI-CAC automated left atrial volumetry offers more actionable insights compared to traditional methods like the Agatston coronary artery calcium score, predicting atrial fibrillation (AF) as early as one year.
- The study evaluated the effectiveness of AI-CAC against human-measured left atrial volumes using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) in predicting AF and stroke, alongside established risk scores and biomarkers.
- Results showed that AI-CAC and CMRI provided similar predictive capabilities for AF and stroke over a 15-year period, indicating potential for AI-CAC in clinical settings, but further research is needed to confirm its utility.
Assessment of Brain Development in Children With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia - an Automated Brain Segmentation Approach.
In Vivo
December 2024
Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Background/aim: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a critical condition affecting newborns, which often results in long-term morbidities, including neurodevelopmental delays, which affect cognitive, motor, and behavioral functions. These delays are believed to stem from prenatal and postnatal factors, such as impaired lung development and chronic hypoxia, which disrupt normal brain growth. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of these neurodevelopmental impairments is crucial for improving prognosis and patient outcomes, particularly as advances in treatments like ECMO have increased survival rates but also pose additional risks for neurodevelopment.
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