In the current study, the impact of C-ratio, convective heat transfer coefficient, and free stream temperature on the maximal cell temperature and temperature uniformity was computationally and statistically examined. Results revealed that the free stream temperature was the main influential factor for the maximal cell temperature for both natural and forced convection conditions while the C-ratio was the most effective parameter for the temperature uniformity for both natural and forced convections. On the other hand, the contribution of the free stream temperature to the maximum battery temperature increased from 63% to 94% when the conditions were changed from natural convection to forced convection. Moreover, the contribution of the C-rate to the temperature uniformity decreased from 89% to 79% when the conditions were changed from natural convection to forced convection. The results obtained from this study are significant in terms of determining which factor should be given more importance under natural and forced convection conditions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.55730/1300-0527.3645 | DOI Listing |
Food Sci Nutr
January 2025
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Urmia University Urmia Iran.
Steam injection, especially in a superheated state, increases the rate of heat transfer and improves the quality of the baked products. In this research, different baking methods (forced convention, superheated steam, and superheated steam-assisted) at different temperatures (140°C, 160°C, 180°C) were applied to produce a new formulated rice cake containing acorn flour and inulin. The findings revealed that the level of moisture inside the oven directly influences the volume of the cake.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Nanoporous metals, a class of free-standing, high specific-area materials, evolve from interface-controlled self-organization in a selective dissolution (e.g., dealloying).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.
Thermal energy harvesting for high-speed moving objects is particularly promising in providing an efficient and sustainable energy source to enhance operational capabilities and endurance. Thermoelectric (TE) technology, by exploiting temperature gradients between a heat source and ambient temperature, can provide a continuous power supply to such systems, reducing the reliance on conventional batteries and extending operation times. However, the integrated thermoelectric generator (TEG) system design research is far behind materials development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
January 2025
College of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Precise Mining of Intergrown Energy and Resources, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 10083, China.
Slow oxidation of coal during storage and transportation poses significant risks, making it essential to identify hot spots and understand the heat generation and gas production patterns in coal stockpiles. This study leverages the advantages of adiabatic oxidation experiments, which account for time effects, to accurately describe the low-temperature oxidation process of coal through warming and gas production dimensions. Additionally, the warming and gas production patterns of three-dimensional coal stockpiles with varying stacking parameters were investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Geophys Res Atmos
December 2024
Climate Prediction Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration College Park MD USA.
This work aims to identify a mechanism of interaction between soil moisture (SM) state and the incidence of weakly forced synoptic scale MCS events during boreal summer by performing a sensitivity study using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model over the US Great Plains. A uniformly dry SM patch at a 5° × 5° scale is centered at the point of a documented MCS initiation to observe spatiotemporal changes of the simulated MCS events, totaling 97 cases between 2004 and 2017. A storm-centered composite analysis of SM at the location of simulated MCS events depicted SM heterogeneity [O(100) km] structured as significantly drier soils to the southwest (SW) transitioning to wetter soils northeast (NE) of the mean simulated initiation.
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