bloodstream infection is a prevailing community-onset disease with important mortality rates: results from a retrospective observational study in Australia.

Background: The recognition of i as a cause of infections in humans has been increasing. However, only case reports and small series of bloodstream infections have been published. Epidemiological data on these infections are extremely scarce. Our objective was to describe the incidence, epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance rates, and outcomes of bloodstream infections in a large population-based cohort in Australia.

Methods: Retrospective, laboratory-based surveillance study conducted in Queensland, Australia (population ≈ 5 million) during 2000-2019. Clinical information was obtained from public hospital admissions and vital statistics databases.

Results: In total, 228 episodes of bloodstream infections were identified. Increased incidence was observed in the later years, especially in older men, and was higher during the rainy months of the year and in the warmest and more humid regions of the state. The majority of bloodstream infections were community-onset with 120 (52.6%) community-associated and 59 (25.9%) ambulatory healthcare-associated episodes. Only 49 cases (21.5%) were nosocomial. The most common foci of infection were skin and soft tissue, lower respiratory tract, and intra-abdominal. No isolate showed antimicrobial resistance. Thirty-one patients (13.6%) died. The mortality rate in patients with a respiratory infectious source was higher (21%).

Conclusions: bloodstream infection was predominantly a community-onset condition including ambulatory healthcare related cases, with increasing incidence, especially in older males. No antimicrobial resistance was observed. Mortality was high in patients with respiratory infectious source. This new observational data have implications when considering the epidemiology of these infections and for patient management.