Abnormalities in sleep occur in patients with both extrapulmonary restriction and intrapulmonary restriction. Patients with extrapulmonary restriction such as kyphoscoliosis may develop severe apneas during sleep, particularly during the REM stage. Patients with interstitial lung disease continue to have a rapid shallow breathing pattern during sleep, but may also develop abnormalities in the breathing pattern. During periods of snoring patients with interstitial lung disease may develop further hypoxemia.
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