Distance follow-up by a remote medical care centre improves adherence to CPAP in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea over the short and long term.

Background: Adherence to continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has remained invariably low over the last decades. Remote monitoring of the nocturnal CPAP treatment, within telemedicine (TM)-based follow-up programs, in these patients has been suggested as a potential tool to improve adherence and release the workload of sleep units. The aim of this study was therefore to assess whether a follow-up program carried out by a Remote Medical Care Centre (RMCC), outside the sleep unit, improves adherence to CPAP in the short and long term in patients with OSA.

Methods: In this pilot protocol, we enrolled 37 patients starting CPAP in our Sleep Centre (SC). After three months of standard care in our SC, patients initiated a six-month remote follow-up carried out by the RMCC, functioning as an intermediary between patients and SC. Monthly reports and indication for face-to-face visits were sent to the SC for six months. After this period patients returned to usual care for one year. Results were compared with those obtained in 38 patients (controls) followed with usual care over the same time range.

Results: Mean nightly use of CPAP increased from 3.2 ± 2.4 h pre-RMCC to 5.2 ± 1.9 h post-RMCC ( < 0.0001). Nights/month of CPAP use improved from 19.8 ± 9.2 to 25.2 ± 2.5 ( < 0.05) and nights/month with CPAP use >4 h from 12.5 ± 10 to 21.03 ± 8.9 ( < 0.05). This improvement remained stable after 12 months from the return of patients to usual care. No significant changes in CPAP use were observed in controls over the time.

Conclusion: A six-month follow-up through a remote facility can significantly improve adherence to CPAP in the short and long term. This pilot study provides a solid base for the design of multicentre randomized trials focusing on new models which are able to increase the long-term efficacy of TM programs.