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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection can lead to various outcomes, including active tuberculosis or latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Household contacts of TB cases have a high risk of acquiring LTBI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe spatial biology of HIV infection.
PLoS Pathog
January 2025
The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
HIV infection implicates a spectrum of tissues in the human body starting with viral transmission in the anogenital tract and subsequently persisting in lymphoid tissues and brain. Though studies using isolated cells have contributed significantly towards our understanding of HIV infection, the tissue microenvironment is characterised by a complex interplay of a range of factors, all of which can influence the course of infection but are otherwise missed in ex vivo studies. To address this knowledge gap, it is necessary to investigate the dynamics of infection and the host immune response in situ using imaging-based approaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiverse autoinhibitory mechanisms of FIIND-containing proteins: Insight into regulation of NLRP1 and CARD8 inflammasome.
PLoS Pathog
January 2025
Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Function-to-find domain (FIIND)-containing proteins, including NLRP1 and CARD8, are vital components of the inflammasome signaling pathway, critical for the innate immune response. These proteins exist in various forms due to autoproteolysis within the FIIND domain, resulting in full-length (FL), cleaved N-terminal (NT), and cleaved C-terminal (CT) peptides, which form autoinhibitory complexes in the steady state. However, the detailed mechanism remains elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCoordinated immune networks in leukemia bone marrow microenvironments distinguish response to cellular therapy.
Sci Immunol
January 2025
Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Understanding how intratumoral immune populations coordinate antitumor responses after therapy can guide treatment prioritization. We systematically analyzed an established immunotherapy, donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), by assessing 348,905 single-cell transcriptomes from 74 longitudinal bone marrow samples of 25 patients with relapsed leukemia; a subset was evaluated by both protein- and transcriptome-based spatial analysis. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) DLI responders, we identified clonally expanded CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes with in vitro specificity for patient-matched AML.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmune Dysregulation in Obesity.
Annu Rev Pathol
January 2025
Diabetes Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
The immune system plays fundamental roles in maintaining physiological homeostasis. With the increasing prevalence of obesity-a state characterized by chronic inflammation and systemic dyshomeostasis-there is growing scientific and clinical interest in understanding how obesity reshapes immune function. In this review, we propose that obesity is not merely an altered metabolic state but also a fundamentally altered immunological state.
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