Vaccines and infection can sometimes cause incomplete immunity, which allows for pathogen re-infection with decreased disease severity but also contributes to the evolution of pathogen virulence. A new study demonstrates that incomplete immunity from resident protective microbes results in similar evolutionary trajectories.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.013 | DOI Listing |
Microbiome
January 2025
Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Background: Numerous studies have confirmed a close relationship between the pathogenicity of influenza and respiratory microbiota, but the mechanistic basis for this is poorly defined. Also, the majority of these studies have been conducted on murine models, and it remains unclear how far these findings can be extrapolated from murine models to other animals. Considering that influenza A virus is increasingly recognized as an important canine respiratory pathogen, this study investigated the cross-talk between nasal and lung tissues mediated by microbes and its association with influenza susceptibility in a beagle dog model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Microbiome
January 2025
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
Continuous monocultures alter the composition and function of root-associated microbiota, and thus compromise crop health and productivity. In comparison, little is known about how leaf-associated microbiota respond to continuous monocultures. Here, we profiled root and leaf-associated microbiota of peanut plants under monocropping and rotation conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrob Ecol
January 2025
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
The ecological niche separation of microbial interactions in forest ecosystems is critical to maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity and has yet to be comprehensively explored in microbial ecology. This study investigated the impacts of soil properties on microbial interactions and carbon metabolism potential in forest soils across 67 sites in China. Using redundancy analysis and random forest models, we identified soil pH and dissolved organic matter (DOM) aromaticity as the primary drivers of microbial interactions, representing abiotic conditions and resource niches, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSemin Respir Crit Care Med
January 2025
Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.
In this review, we present the efforts made so far in developing effective solutions to prevent infections caused by seven major respiratory pathogens: influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), , (), , and . Advancements driven by the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis have largely focused on viruses, but effective prophylactic solutions for bacterial pathogens are also needed, especially in light of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenomenon. Here, we discuss various innovative key technologies that can help address this critical need, such as (a) the development of Lung-on-Chip ex vivo models to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis process and the host-microbe interactions; (b) a more thorough investigation of the mechanisms behind mucosal immunity as the first line of defense against pathogens; (c) the identification of correlates of protection (CoPs) which, in conjunction with the Reverse Vaccinology 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobiol Spectr
January 2025
Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA.
Unlabelled: The mummichog, , an abundant estuarine fish broadly distributed along the eastern coast of North America, has repeatedly evolved tolerance to otherwise lethal levels of aromatic hydrocarbon exposure. This tolerance is linked to reduced activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling pathway. In other animals, the AHR has been shown to influence the gastrointestinal-associated microbial community, particularly when activated by the model toxic pollutant 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126) and other dioxin-like compounds.
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