Stabilizing Ni in Hollow Nano MOF/Polymetallic Phosphides Composites for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in 3D-Printed Micro-Supercapacitors.

Polymetallic phosphides exhibit favorable conductivities. A reasonable design of nano-metal-organic frame (MOF) composite morphologies and in situ introduction of polymetallic phosphides into the framework can effectively improve electrolyte penetration and rapid electron transfer. To address existing challenges, Ni, with a strong coordination ability with N, is introduced to partially replace Co in nano-Co-MOF composite. The hollow nanostructure is stabilized through CoNi bimetallic coordination and low-temperature controllable polymetallic phosphide generation rate. The Ni, Co, and P atoms, generated during reduction, effectively enhance electron transfer rate within the framework. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) characterization results further confirm the existence of Ni-N, Ni-Ni, and Co-Co structures in the nanocomposite. The changes in each component during the charge-discharge process of the electrochemical reactions are investigated using in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD). Theoretical calculations further confirm that P can effectively improve conductivity. VZNPGC//MXene MSCs, constructed with active materials derived from the hollow nano MOF composites synthesized through the Ni stabilization strategy, demonstrate a specific capacitance of 1184 mF cm, along with an energy density of 236.75 µWh cm (power density of 0.14 mW cm). This approach introduces a new direction for the synthesis of highly conductive nano-MOF composites.