AI Article Synopsis
- The study analyzed the global epidemiology of HIV-associated pneumocystosis (HAP) by reviewing data from 29 studies involving over 38,000 HIV-positive patients.
- HIV-positive individuals showed a 35.4% prevalence of HAP, significantly higher than the 10.16% prevalence among HIV-negative populations, with HIV-positive patients being nearly 12 times more susceptible to Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP).
- Mortality rates for HAP patients were 52% higher compared to those without PCP, highlighting the need for updated management strategies and further research to understand and address this co-infection effectively.
Article Abstract
The epidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-associated pneumocystosis (HAP) is poorly described on a worldwide scale. We searched related databases between January 2000 and December 2022 for studies reporting HAP. Meta-analysis was performed using StatsDirect (version 2.7.9) and STATA (version 17) according to the random-effects model for DerSimonian and Laird method and metan and metaprop commands, respectively. Twenty-nine studies with 38554 HIV-positive, 79893 HIV-negative, and 4044 HAP populations were included. The pooled prevalence of HAP was 35.4% (95% CI 23.8 to 47.9). In contrast, the pooled prevalence of PCP among HIV-negative patients was 10.16% (95% CI 2 to 25.3). HIV-positive patients are almost 12 times more susceptible to PCP than the HIV-negative population (OR: 11.710; 95% CI: 5.420 to 25.297). The mortality among HAP patients was 52% higher than non-PCP patients (OR 1.522; 95% CI 0.959 to 2.416). HIV-positive men had a 7% higher chance rate for PCP than women (OR 1.073; 95% CI 0.674 to 1.706). Prophylactic (OR: 6.191; 95% CI: 0.945 to 40.545) and antiretroviral therapy (OR 3.356; 95% CI 0.785 to 14.349) were used in HAP patients six and three times more than HIV-positive PCP-negatives, respectively. The control and management strategies should revise and updated by health policy-makers on a worldwide scale. Finally, for better management and understanding of the epidemiology and characteristics of this coinfection, designing further studies is recommended.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10962827 | PMC |
| http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0297619 | PLOS |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Comparative Dosing of Adjunctive Corticosteroids Therapy for Pneumonia with ARDS in Non-HIV Immunocompromised Patients.
Infect Drug Resist
December 2024
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
Background: Adjuvant corticosteroids are effective in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated pneumonia (PCP) patients, but the effectiveness of adjuvant corticosteroids in non-HIV PCP remained controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of standard-dose compared with low-dose steroids in non-HIV PCP patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Methods: This retrospective observational study included non-HIV PCP patients with ARDS admitted to the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital from 2015 to 2022.
Radiological predictors of PCP in HIV-positive adults in South Africa: A matched case-control study.
South Afr J HIV Med
November 2024
Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Background: Definition of chest X-ray (CXR) features associated with laboratory-confirmed pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) among HIV-positive adults is needed to improve diagnosis in high-burden settings.
Objectives: Our primary objective was to identify CXR features associated with confirmed PCP diagnosis and severe PCP (defined by hypoxia, intensive care unit referral/admission, and/or in-hospital death). We also explored the performance of logistic regression models, incorporating selected clinical and CXR predictors, for PCP diagnosis and severe PCP.
Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Previously Undiagnosed Advanced HIV/AIDS and Importance of HIV Screening.
Cureus
September 2024
Internal Medicine, Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare, Memphis, USA.
The diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in its late stages, also known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), leads to increased morbidity and mortality. This is mostly due to the time given for opportunistic infections to arise, which present with their own complications. In this case report, we present an otherwise healthy 38-year-old male, who presented with general systemic symptoms and was later found to have HIV and AIDS, ultimately resulting in his death during this hospital admission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia and HIV-Associated Nephropathy in Acute HIV Infection.
Cureus
September 2024
Internal Medicine, Methodist Dallas Medical Center, Dallas, USA.
Article Synopsis
- HIV is a retrovirus that primarily targets the immune system, leading to various opportunistic infections like pneumonia and kidney-related issues, notably HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN).
- Advances in antiretroviral therapy allow individuals with HIV to maintain a normal lifespan and avoid progression to AIDS if treated timely.
- A 32-year-old male patient was diagnosed with HIV and pneumonia, subsequently treated and stabilized, highlighting the importance of early recognition and treatment of HIV and its complications.
Chest X-ray Features of HIV-Associated Pneumonia (PCP) in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Open Forum Infect Dis
April 2024
Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK.
Article Synopsis
- A systematic review and meta-analysis examined chest x-ray (CXR) features to diagnose pneumonia in adults with HIV, focusing on those with laboratory-confirmed Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) compared to other respiratory diseases.
- The review included 51 studies, highlighting that interstitial infiltrates (59%) and ground-glass opacification (48%) are common in PCP cases, while pleural effusion and cystic lesions are rare.
- Findings suggest that specific CXR changes, like diffuse alterations and interstitial-alveolar infiltrates, can indicate a higher likelihood of PCP, potentially improving clinical diagnosis for HIV patients.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!