The effect of the concurrent use of Dexmedetomidine (DEX) during the perioperative period on the renal function of patients following craniocerebral interventional surgery.

Background: Craniocerebral interventional surgery is a common and essential treatment for cerebrovascular diseases. Despite continuous progress in interventional diagnosis and treatment technology, there is no effective method to alleviate contrast-induced kidney injuries. In this retrospective cohort study, we investigated the effect of the concurrent use of Dexmedetomidine (DEX) during the perioperative period on the renal function of patients following craniocerebral interventional surgery.

Methods: We identified 228 cases of patients underwent craniocerebral interventional surgery from January 2018 to March 2022. Patients who used DEX during general anesthesia were in the DEX group (DEX group) or that did not use dexmedetomidine as the control group (CON group). The markers of kidney injury were recorded before and within 48 h after surgery.

Results: Compared with CON group, the urea nitrogen (BUN) of the DEX group decreased significantly on the first day and the second day after surgery ( < 0.05). The serum cystatin-C and the blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio (BUN/Cr) was significantly lower than that in CON group on the second day ( < 0.05). The urine output in the DEX group increased significantly, and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was higher than the CON group ( < 0.01). There was no difference in postoperative complications, ICU stay time and hospitalization time between the two groups.

Conclusion: The combined use of dexmedetomidine in general anesthesia for craniocerebral interventional surgery can reduce BUN levels within 48 h after surgery, significantly increase intraoperative urine volume, maintain intraoperative circulation stability.