Variety in the Oral Cavity of Mexican Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and TLR2 Gene Expression.

Background: The aim was to diagnose in the oral cavity of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using a genotyping technique and compare the results with those from conventional diagnosis by Papanicolaou (Pap) staining.

Methods: Palatal mucosa smears were performed on 18 dental care patients diagnosed with T2DM and grade I, II, and III prosthetic stomatitis who met the inclusion criteria; 18 healthy control subjects were also included in the study. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were determined from total blood. Using exfoliative cytology, the Pap staining technique was used to diagnose candidiasis. Exfoliative cytology was also used for molecular diagnosis; DNA was obtained for genotyping, and RNA was used for gene expression studies.

Results: Clinical patterns indicated that all subjects were positive for ; however, Pap analysis revealed only three positive subjects, whereas end-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed 15 subjects with some type of . The most common species found were (38.8%), (33.3%), , (22.2%). Interestingly, the coexpression of different species of was found in various patients. In all patients, HbA1c levels were increased. Gene expression analysis showed a significant decrease ( ≤ 0.05) in expression in positive subjects, whereas expression did not differ significantly among patients.

Conclusions: The end-point PCR technique showed better sensitivity for the diagnosis of when compared with the diagnosis by Pap staining. T2DM subjects showed an increased presence of . that was correlated with decreased expression.