ICG-Enhanced Compression Anatomical Segment 7 Segmentectomy in Laparoscopic and Robotic Approach.

Background: Minimally invasive anatomical resection (AR) for posterosuperior lesions is technically challenging. The Glissonean approach or puncture technique is generally selected. The tumor-feeding portal pedicle compression AR (C-AR) is an established procedure in open surgery. This technique has benefited from the association with indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence, used to enhance the anatomical area to be resected. Recently, C-AR via the minimal access approach has been reported. Herein, we report the first cases of laparoscopic and robotic segment 7 (S7) segmentectomy using the ICG-enhanced compression technique.

Patients And Methods: Two cases of CHILD-class A hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in segment 7 with a liver stiffness less than 7 kPa treated by laparoscopic and robotic anatomical S7 segmentectomies were reported. Using the intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS), the tumor-bearing portal pedicle and the level targeted for compression were identified. The right hemiliver was adequately mobilized to allow handling of the organ during dissection. Using the grasper and the probe itself, the S7 Glissonean pedicle was transparenchymally compressed under real-time IOUS control. To further enhance the visibility of the discolored S7, ICG was administered intravenously, obtaining the compressed area to be resected as a non-stained one. Dissection was performed under intermittent Pringle maneuver up to exposing the right hepatic vein, dividing the Glissonean pedicle to segment 7 and then completing the resection.

Results: Pathologic findings demonstrated a 4.9 cm and 7.3 cm HCC with a R0-resection margin (> 1 cm in both). Postoperative complications were nil. The patients were discharged 6 days after surgery.

Conclusions: This preliminary experience shows that the C-AR is a feasible and reliable technique in laparoscopic and robotic approach for posterosuperior lesions. Further studies are needed to investigate its applicability and standardization.