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Multivariable MR Can Mitigate Bias in Two-Sample MR Using Covariable-Adjusted Summary Associations.
Genet Epidemiol
January 2025
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are hypothesis-free studies that estimate the association between polymorphisms across the genome with a trait of interest. To increase power and to estimate the direct effects of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on a trait GWAS are often conditioned on a covariate (such as body mass index or smoking status). This adjustment can introduce bias in the estimated effect of the SNP on the trait.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCardiovascular diseases, prevention and management of complications in older adults and frail patients treated for elective or post-traumatic hip orthopaedic interventions.
Eur J Prev Cardiol
January 2025
CH Saint Joseph et Saint Luc. Lyon, France.
Due to the aging population, focusing on healthy aging has become a global priority. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and frailty, characterized by increased vulnerability to adverse stress and health events, interact synergistically in advanced age. In older adults, hip fractures are a frequent dramatic "life-transition" event.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKeratoconus in children in Tunisia: Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features.
Tunis Med
January 2025
Department of Ophtalmology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
Aim: To report the clinical and therapeutic particularities of pediatric keratoconus (KC).
Methods: Retrospective study focusing on patients aged less than 18 years, presenting with KC and followed in a tertiary reference center in Sfax, Tunisia.
Results: Our study involved 38 eyes of 20 children.
Automated Detection of Filamentous Fungal Keratitis on Whole Slide Images of Potassium Hydroxide Smears with Multiple Instance Learning.
Ophthalmol Sci
November 2024
Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
Purpose: The diagnosis of fungal keratitis using potassium hydroxide (KOH) smears of corneal scrapings enables initiation of the correct antimicrobial therapy at the point-of-care but requires time-consuming manual examination and expertise. This study evaluates the efficacy of a deep learning framework, dual stream multiple instance learning (DSMIL), in automating the analysis of whole slide imaging (WSI) of KOH smears for rapid and accurate detection of fungal infections.
Design: Retrospective observational study.
Synthesis estimators for transportability with positivity violations by a continuous covariate.
J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Studies intended to estimate the effect of a treatment, like randomized trials, may not be sampled from the desired target population. To correct for this discrepancy, estimates can be transported to the target population. Methods for transporting between populations are often premised on a positivity assumption, such that all relevant covariate patterns in one population are also present in the other.
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