A systematic review of dramatherapy interventions used to support adults with psychosis.

Background: Psychiatric treatment of psychosis often comprises therapeutic and psychotropic combinations. Dramatherapy is often utilised in health services with this population, particularly when clients struggle to engage with talking therapies because of complex presentations, experience preverbal trauma, neurodiversity challenges and/or communication difficulties. Dramatherapy as a therapeutic intervention is recognised by health regulating bodies but as yet has not yet been systematically reviewed.

Aims: To synthesise existing peer-reviewed empirical research literature and gather evidence regarding dramatherapy used to support adults with psychosis; To collate and understand the intervention methods of dramatherapy as a treatment to support adults experiencing psychosis; To assess the effect of dramatherapy on adults with psychosis, by collating qualitative and quantitative outcome measures, where reported in included research.

Methods: Literature was sourced through database searches (CINAHL, EMBASE, COCHRANE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and APA PsycNet) and hand searches. 8541 papers were screened, and 11 met inclusion criteria for synthesis. Findings related to aims were narratively synthesised, before being thematically analysed.

Results: Participant characteristics of age, gender, ethnicity, and socio-economic background were heterogeneous. Participants across studies often had multiple diagnoses, and unknown complexities making recovery through standard treatment unachievable. Presentations included episodes of psychosis, schizophrenia, and dual-diagnoses of mental health challenges and intellectual difficulties. Positive effects found the use of dramatherapy include: New perspectives; Improved relationships; Ability to make choices with reduced anxiety; Understanding of self; Reduced psychotic symptoms. Quantitative data substantiated qualitative findings, and effect indicated changes in social functioning, behaviours, and symptoms following dramatherapy intervention.

Implications: Systematic findings will support practitioners to implement evidence-based practice and to improve treatment provision for adults with psychosis. Further methodologically sound research into the field is encouraged to advance understanding of dramatherapy interventions for adults with psychosis.