Fine particulate matter (PM) can enter the human body in various ways and have adverse effects on human health. Human lungs and eyes are exposed to the air for a long time and are the first to be exposed to PM. The "liquid immersion exposure method" has some limitations that prevent it from fully reflecting the toxic effects of particulate matter on the human body. In this study, the collected PM samples were chemically analyzed. An air-liquid interface (ALI) model with a high correlation to the in vivo environment was established based on human lung epithelial cells (A549) and immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T). The VITROCELL Cloud 12 system was used to distribute PM on the cells evenly. After exposure for 6 h and 24 h, cell viability, apoptosis rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, expression of inflammatory factors, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage were measured. The results demonstrated significant dose- and time-dependent effects of PM on cell viability, cell apoptosis, ROS generation, and DNA damage at the ALI, while the inflammatory factors showed dose-dependent effects only. It should be noted that even short exposure to low doses of PM can cause cell DNA double-strand breaks and increased expression of γ-H2AX, indicating significant genotoxicity of PM. Increased abundance of ROS in cells plays a crucial role in the cytotoxicity induced by PM exposure These findings emphasize the significant cellular damage and genotoxicity that may result from short-term exposure to low levels of PM.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32944-4 | DOI Listing |
Glob Chang Biol
January 2025
Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Soil microorganisms transform plant-derived C (carbon) into particulate organic C (POC) and mineral-associated C (MAOC) pools. While microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is widely recognized in current biogeochemical models as a key predictor of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, large-scale empirical evidence is limited. In this study, we proposed and experimentally tested two predictors of POC and MAOC pool formation: microbial necromass (using amino sugars as a proxy) and CUE (by O-HO approach).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Res Notes
January 2025
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Geochem Health
January 2025
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
The superposition of heavy metals (HMs) from multiple anthropogenic sources in geochemical anomaly areas makes it difficult to discriminate prime sources in atmospheric HMs. This study utilized a combination of microscopic features, positive matrix factorisation, and Pb isotope fingerprints to trace the main sources of HMs bound to total suspended particulates (TSP) at a pollution site (Msoshui: MS) and control site (Lushan: LS) in northwestern Guizhou. The results reveal that the concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Cu, Ni, and Zn in the TSP of LS are 3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Faculty of Computers and Information, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
This paper proposes a hybridized model for air quality forecasting that combines the Support Vector Regression (SVR) method with Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) called (HHO-SVR). The proposed HHO-SVR model utilizes five datasets from the environmental protection agency's Downscaler Model (DS) to predict Particulate Matter ([Formula: see text]) levels. In order to assess the efficacy of the suggested HHO-SVR forecasting model, we employ metrics such as Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Average, Standard Deviation (SD), Best Fit, Worst Fit, and CPU time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Pollut
January 2025
College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
Understanding the composition of mercury (Hg) in the atmosphere is important for confirming its sources and to preventing and reduce the production. To explore the morphological distribution characteristics of wet Hg concentrations in Xi'an Shaanxi Province, China, total Hg (THg), dissolved Hg (DTHg), reactive Hg (RTHg) and particulate-bound Hg (PTHg) (Hg insoluble in water) were measured at 72 precipitation in Xi'an from September 2020 to July 2022, and their average concentrations were 3.035 ± 3.
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