This clinical review examines the treatment of status epilepticus, a condition in which epileptic seizures are prolonged and pose a significant risk of brain damage and death. International guidelines recommend the use of benzodiazepines as first-line treatment, and these should be administered promptly and in appropriate doses. Second-line treatment involves the use of high-dose anti-seizure medications to stop and prevent seizures. If seizure activity persists, general anaesthesia should be administered as soon as possible. All neurological hospital departments should have established and rehearsed protocols for treating status epilepticus.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.23.0782 | DOI Listing |
Background: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) associated with amyloid precursor protein (APP) duplications or presenilin (PSEN) variants increases risk of seizures. Targeting epileptiform activity with antiseizure medicine (ASM) administration to AD patients may beneficially attenuate cognitive decline (Vossel et al, JAMA Neurology 2021). However, whether mechanistically distinct ASMs differentially suppress seizures in discrete EOAD models is understudied (Lehmann et al, Neurochem Res 2021).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Anim
January 2025
Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Status epilepticus is linked to cognitive decline due to damage to the hippocampus, a key structure involved in cognition. The hippocampus's high vulnerability to epilepsy-related damage is the main reason for this impairment. Convulsive seizures, such as those observed in status epilepticus, can cause various hippocampal pathologies, including inflammation, abnormal neurogenesis, and neuronal death.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurol Sci
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan.
Background: Acute encephalopathy is a severe condition predominantly affecting children with viral infections. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the epidemiology, treatment, and management of acute encephalopathy. The study also aimed to understand how the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has affected epidemiological trends.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurol
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
Background: Seizures, including status epilepticus (SE), are common in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (NMDARE). We aimed to describe clinical and electrographic features of patients with seizures with NMDARE, determine factors associated with SE, and describe long-term seizure outcomes.
Methods: We retrospectively identified patients with seizures in the setting of NMDARE treated at inpatient Mayo Clinic sites during the acute phase of encephalitis between October 2008 and March 2023.
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