The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Ireland, and co-rapporteur Member State, Poland, for the pesticide active substance dichlorprop-P and the variant dichlorprop-P-2-ethylhexyl and the assessment of applications for maximum residue levels (MRLs) are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of dichlorprop-P as a herbicide on cereals, grassland and grass seed crops and of the variant dichlorprop-P-2-ethylhexyl as a plant growth regulator on citrus. MRLs were assessed in mandarin and lemon. The conclusions from 2018 were updated in 2024 following the request from the European Commission with regard to the endocrine-disrupting properties. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment and the proposed MRLs, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are reported where identified.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8658 | DOI Listing |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
February 2025
Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
What is wrong with the peer review system? Is peer review sustainable? Useful? What other models exist? These are central yet contentious questions in today's academic discourse. This perspective critically discusses alternative models and revisions to the peer review system. The authors highlight possible changes to the peer review system, with the goal of fostering further dialog among the main stakeholders, including producers and consumers of scientific research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
This study sheds light on how journalists respond to evolving debates within academia around topics including research integrity, improper use of metrics to measure research quality and impact, and the risks and benefits of the open science movement. It does so through a codebook thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 19 health and science journalists from the Global North. We find that journalists' perceptions of these academic controversies vary widely, with some displaying a highly critical and nuanced understanding and others presenting a more limited awareness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
Introduction: The global prevalence of antimicrobial resistance transcends geographical and economic boundaries, affecting populations worldwide. Excessive and incorrect use of antibiotics encourages antimicrobial resistance which leads to complex treatment strategies for infectious diseases and possible failure of treatment. The incorrect and unnecessary prescribing of antibiotics places a burden on healthcare costs and thus, antimicrobial resistance is evident globally as a major public health concern.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Drug Alcohol Abuse
January 2025
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
There has been a dramatic rise in alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD) among women. Recently, the field has made substantial progress toward better understanding sex and gender differences in AUD. This research has suggested accelerated progression to AUD and associated health consequences in women, a phenomenon referred to as "telescoping.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutr Rev
January 2025
Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
Objective: To conduct a scoping review to summarize the state of the evidence on associations between participation in nonfood social safety net programs (eg, income assistance, housing assistance) in the United States and food- and nutrition insecurity-related outcomes.
Background: Food and nutrition insecurity are persistent public health challenges in the United States that increase chronic disease risk and exacerbate health disparities. Several food assistance programs enhance food and nutrition security.
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