Umpolung N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis of non-aldehyde substrates offers new pathways for C-C bond formation, but has proven challenging to develop in terms of viable substrate classes. Here, we demonstrate that pyridinium ions can undergo NHC addition and subsequent intramolecular C-C bond formation through a deoxy-Breslow intermediate. The alkylation demonstrates, for the first time, that deoxy-Breslow intermediates are viable for catalytic umpolung of areniums.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202117524 | DOI Listing |
Nat Commun
January 2025
School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
Acylation stands as a fundamental process in both biological pathways and synthetic chemical reactions, with acylated saccharides and their derivatives holding diverse applications ranging from bioactive agents to synthetic building blocks. A longstanding objective in organic synthesis has been the site-selective acylation of saccharides without extensive pre-protection of alcohol units. In this study, we demonstrate that by simply altering the chirality of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organic catalysts, the site-selectivity of saccharide acylation reactions can be effectively modulated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Asian J
December 2024
CSIR - North East Institute of Science and Technology, Materials Sciences and Technology Division, Pulibor, CSIR-NEIST, 785006, Jorhat, INDIA.
Bimetallic catalysts have gained attention as promising contenders, owing to the synergistic interaction between two distinct metal centers. In this study, we present two N-heterocyclic carbene iridium(III) pentamethylcyclopentadienyl complexes [Cp*Ir(fcpyNHC)Cl]PF6 (1) and [Cp*Ir(pyNHC)Cl]PF6 (2) where 1 includes a ferrocene moiety acting as a bimetallic complex. Using ceric ammonium nitrate as a sacrificial oxidant, both complexes were tested for water oxidation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India.
Developing asymmetric transformations using electroredox and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed radical pathways is still desirable and challenging. Herein, we report an iodide-promoted β-carbon activation (LUMO-lowering process) of enals via electroredox carbene catalysis coupled with a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This strategy offers an environmentally friendly and sustainable route for rapidly assembling synthetically useful chiral naphthopyran-3-one in good to excellent yield and enantioselectivity using traceless electrons as inexpensive and greener oxidants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Biomol Chem
December 2024
Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia.
Efficient catalytic systems for various organic transformations in green solvents, especially water, are in great demand. Catalytically active bis-NHC complexes of palladium(II) based on imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid with different lipophilicities were obtained. The synthesis of imidazolium salts was complicated by the formation of side products of nucleophilic substitution by iodide ions in the Menshutkin reaction involving alkyl iodides, which was successfully resolved by using alkyl tosylates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Soc Rev
December 2024
Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been used as organocatalysts for a multitude of C-C and C-heteroatom bond-forming reactions. They enable diverse modalities of activating a wide range of structurally distinct substrate classes and allow access to electronically distinct intermediates. The easy tunability of the NHC scaffold contributes to its versatility.
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