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Exploring pathological targets and advancing pharmacotherapy in autism spectrum disorder: Contributions of glial cells and heavy metals.
Histol Histopathol
January 2025
Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a globally recognized neurodevelopmental condition characterized by repetitive and restrictive behavior, persistent deficits in social interaction and communication, mental disturbances, etc., affecting approximately 1 in 100 children worldwide. A combination of genetic and environmental factors is involved in the etiopathogenesis of the disease, but specific biomarkers have not yet been identified.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdult neurogenesis in the ventral hippocampus decreased among animal models of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Front Neural Circuits
January 2025
Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication, along with restricted and repetitive behaviors. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to ASD, with prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) and nicotine being linked to increased risk. Impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis, particularly in the ventral region, is thought to play a role in the social deficits observed in ASD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- A 38-year-old woman experienced difficulty walking and focal seizures, showing signs of cerebellar dysfunction and spastic lower limbs, while having a long history of epilepsy treatment since the age of 20.
- An MRI and MR spectroscopy indicated significant brain changes, including elevated lactate levels, suggesting a mitochondrial disorder.
- Due to financial constraints preventing genetic testing, she was diagnosed with MELAS and switched to alternative treatments to manage her condition.
Animal Models of Autistic-like Behavior in Rodents: A Scoping Review and Call for a Comprehensive Scoring System.
Int J Mol Sci
September 2024
Department of Morphological Sciences and Teratology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
Article Synopsis
- Animal models are crucial for advancing our understanding and treatment of human diseases, particularly neuropsychiatric disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
- Developing these models requires effective tools to measure and translate human behaviors into observable actions in animals, focusing on key ASD symptoms such as impaired social interactions and communication deficits.
- Various approaches, including exposure to certain chemicals and genetic manipulation, have been used to create rodent models that replicate the complex behaviors associated with ASD, aiding in research on its causes and potential therapies.
Autism-Related Heterozygous Mice: Increased Levels of miRNAs Retained in DNA/RNA Hybrid Profiles (R-Loop).
Biomolecules
September 2024
Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a highly variable expression of phenotypes (restricted interest or activity and repetitive behavior in communication and social interactions), genes (mutation), markers (alteration of transcription) and pathways. Loss of function of the gene appears to primarily affect the brain, leading to a range of behavioral problems in humans. In our study published in 2020, we found that the expressions of miR-19a-3p, miR-361-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-3613-3p, miR-126-3p and miR-499a-5p were downregulated in the serum samples of autistic patients, their families and mouse models ( +/- and valproic acid treated males).
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