Flavonoids, biphenyls and xanthones from the genus : chemistry, biological activities and chemophenetics relevance.

is one of the most important genera of the Clusiaceae family, comprising up to 400 species. This review describes the identification of twenty-two flavonoids from species, which includes five flavonols ( and ), six flavones (), one catechin (), one flavanone (), and nine biflavonoids (). O- and C-glycosylation are frequently observed amongst these flavonoids. Furthermore, seven biphenyls () and nine xanthones () have been isolated from species. Biphenyls and xanthones show limited occurrence within the genus, but together with biosynthetic insights, they might offer important chemophenetics leads for the consolidation of the genus within the Clusiaceae family. Altogether, this work provides an overview of the chemistry of the genus in terms of flavonoids, biphenyls and xanthones, as well as it discusses biological activities and chemophenetics of the isolated compounds, when appropriate.