Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a large societal and individual burden. In the first year of life, the vast majority of these injuries are the result of inflicted abusive events by a trusted caregiver. Abusive head trauma (AHT) in infants, formerly known as shaken baby syndrome, is the leading cause of inflicted mortality and morbidity in this population. In this review we address clinical diagnosis, symptoms, prognosis, and neuropathology of AHT, emphasizing the burden of repetitive AHT. Next, we consider existing animal models of AHT, and we evaluate key features of an ideal model, highlighting important developmental milestones in children most vulnerable to AHT. We draw on insights from other injury models, such as repetitive, mild TBIs (RmTBIs), post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), hypoxic-ischemic injuries, and maternal neglect, to speculate on key knowledge gaps and underline important new opportunities in pre-clinical AHT research. Finally, potential treatment options to facilitate healthy development in children following an AHT are considered. Together, this review aims to drive the field toward optimized, well-characterized animal models of AHT, which will allow for greater insight into the underlying neuropathological and neurobehavioral consequences of AHT.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2023.0598 | DOI Listing |
Nat Hum Behav
December 2024
Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Replications are important for assessing the reliability of published findings. However, they are costly, and it is infeasible to replicate everything. Accurate, fast, lower-cost alternatives such as eliciting predictions could accelerate assessment for rapid policy implementation in a crisis and help guide a more efficient allocation of scarce replication resources.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProteomics Clin Appl
December 2024
Faculty Unit of Toxicology, University Center of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI), including pediatric abusive head trauma (AHT), is the leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults worldwide. The current understanding of trauma-induced molecular changes in the brain of human subjects with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) remains inadequate and requires further investigation to improve the outcome and management of TBI in the clinic. Calcium-mediated damage at the site of brain injury has been shown to activate several catalytic enzymes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Internet Res
December 2024
Epidémiologie clinique-évaluation économique appliqué aux populations vulnérables (ECEVE), Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Paris, France.
Background: Numerous strategies for preventing abusive head trauma (AHT) have been proposed, but controlled studies failed to demonstrate their effectiveness. Digital tools may improve the effectiveness of AHT prevention strategies by reaching a large proportion of the adult population.
Objective: This study aimed to describe the characteristics of videos of AHT prevention published on the internet, including their quality content, and to study their association with popularity.
J Fluoresc
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India.
A fluorescence and colorimetric sensor (AHT) was developed to detect HSO/SO in a 10 mM aqueous PBS buffer at pH 7.4. AHT exhibits non-fluorescence in the buffer due to the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRetina
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Purpose: To study the prevalence of choroidal caverns (CCs) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and their association with demographic and clinical data.
Methods: We included patients with T2DM and nondiabetic controls in a cross-sectional, monocenter study. The main outcome measure was the presence of CCs.
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