AI Article Synopsis
- Paraneoplastic cerebellar and brainstem disorders are diverse conditions that need quick diagnosis and treatment to avoid permanent neurological damage.
- Specific antibodies, such as Yo and Tr (DNER), are linked to different types of cancers like breast, ovarian, and Hodgkin lymphoma, and present various symptoms.
- The differential diagnosis is wide, involving factors like medication side effects and infections, and while these disorders have been recognized for a long time, their underlying causes and best treatment methods remain uncertain.
Article Abstract
Paraneoplastic cerebellar and brainstem disorders are a heterogeneous group that requires prompt recognition and treatment to help prevent irreversible neurologic injury. Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is best characterized by Yo antibodies in patients with breast or ovarian cancer. Tr (DNER) antibodies in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma can also present with a pure cerebellar syndrome and is one of the few paraneoplastic syndromes found with hematological malignancy. Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome presents in both pediatric and adult patients with characteristic clinical findings. Other paraneoplastic brainstem syndromes are associated with Ma2 and Hu antibodies, which can cause widespread neurologic dysfunction. The differential for these disorders is broad and also includes pharmacological side effects, infection or postinfectious processes, and neurodegenerative diseases. Although these immune-mediated disorders have been known for many years, mechanisms of pathogenesis are still unclear, and optimal treatment has not been established.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-823912-4.00030-X | DOI Listing |
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