Uncontrollability could lead to behavioral adjustment or even giving up when facing repeated failure. Here, we detail a protocol to study the behavioral transition from action to no-action induced by prolonged uncontrollable experiences in mice. We describe the behavioral devices, video analysis, and the exponential learning curve fitting for mathematical assessment. We perform further validation experiments evaluating locomotor, social, and anxiety-/depression-like behaviors. This approach helps study neural mechanisms underlying adaptive decision-making when facing repeated failure. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Li et al..
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102967 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Türkiye, Turkey.
Rapid urban growth is a subject of worldwide interest due to environmental problems. Population growth, especially migration from rural to urban areas, leads to land use and land cover (LULCC) changes in urban centres. Therefore, LULCC and urban growth analyses are among the studies that will help decision-makers achieve better sustainable management and planning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
The knowledge of diffusion mechanisms in materials is crucial for predicting their high-temperature performance and stability, yet accurately capturing the underlying physics like thermal effects remains challenging. In particular, the origin of the experimentally observed non-Arrhenius diffusion behavior has remained elusive, largely due to the lack of effective computational tools. Here we propose an efficient ab initio framework to compute the Gibbs energy of the transition state in vacancy-mediated diffusion including the relevant thermal excitations at the density-functional-theory level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrev Vet Med
December 2024
School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease), caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a common, economically-important and potentially zoonotic contagious disease of cattle, with worldwide distribution. Disease management relies on identification of animals which are at high-risk of being infected or infectious.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Pediatr
January 2025
Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
Background: Some studies have revealed various sleep patterns in adolescents and adults using multidimensional objective sleep parameters. However, it remains unknown whether these patterns are consistent from adolescence to young adulthood and how they relate to long-term obesity.
Methods: Seven-day accelerometry was conducted in German Infant Study on the influence of Nutrition Intervention PLUS environmental and genetic influences on allergy development (GINIplus) and Influence of Lifestyle factors on the development of the Immune System and Allergies in East and West Germany (LISA) birth cohorts during the 15-year and 20-year follow-ups, respectively.
Anal Chem
January 2025
The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
The position and configuration of the C═C bond have a significant impact on the spatial conformation of unsaturated lipids, which subsequently affects their biological functions. Double bond isomerization of lipids is an important mechanism of bacterial stress response, but its in-depth mechanistic study still lacks effective analytical tools. Here, we developed a visible-light-activated dual-pathway reaction system that enables simultaneous [2 + 2] cycloaddition and catalytic - isomerization of the C═C bond of unsaturated lipids via directly excited anthraquinone radicals.
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