Apolipoprotein E E3/E4 genotype is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with coronary artery disease.

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.

Published: March 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study investigates the relationship between APOE gene polymorphisms and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  • It included a sample of 378 T2DM patients with CAD, 431 T2DM patients without CAD, and 351 healthy controls, using genetic testing to analyze APOE variations.
  • The findings indicate that specific APOE genotypes (ɛ3/ε4) and alleles are associated with higher risks of developing CAD in T2DM patients, along with age and body mass index being significant risk factors.

Article Abstract

Objective: Dyslipidemia is a co-existing problem in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) plays an important role in lipid metabolism. However, the relationship between the APOE gene polymorphisms and the risk of developing CAD in type 2 DM (T2DM) patients remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess this relationship and provide a reference for further risk assessment of CAD in T2DM patients.

Methods: The study included 378 patients with T2DM complicated with CAD (T2DM + CAD) and 431 patients with T2DM alone in the case group, and 351 individuals without DM and CAD were set as controls. The APOE rs429358 and rs7412 polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - microarray. Differences in APOE genotypes and alleles between patients and controls were compared. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), history of smoking, and history of drinking to access the relationship between APOE genotypes and T2DM + CAD risk.

Results: The frequencies of the APOE ɛ3/ɛ4 genotype and ε4 allele were higher in the T2DM + CAD patients, and the frequencies of the APOE ɛ3/ɛ3 genotype and ε3 allele were lower than those in the controls (all p < 0.05). The T2DM + CAD patients with ɛ4 allele had higher level in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) than those in patients with ɛ2 and ɛ3 allele (p < 0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 60 years old, and BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m were independent risk factors for T2DM and T2DM + CAD, and APOE ɛ3/ɛ4 genotype (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18-3.14, p = 0.008) and ɛ4 allele (adjusted OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.23-3.17) were independent risk factors for T2DM + CAD. However, the APOE genotypes and alleles were not found to have relationship with the risk of T2DM.

Conclusions: APOE ε3/ε4 genotype and ε4 allele were independent risk factors for T2DM complicated with CAD, but not for T2DM.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10941446PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12872-024-03831-0DOI Listing

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