Neoadjuvant therapy to improve resectability of advanced thyroid cancer: A real-world experience.

Background: Experience with targeted neoadjuvant treatment for locoregionally advanced thyroid cancer is nascent.

Methods: Multicenter retrospective case series examining targeted neoadjuvant treatment for locoregionally advanced thyroid cancer. The primary outcome was change in surgical morbidity as measured by two metrics developed for use in clinical trials to characterize surgical complexity and morbidity. Secondary outcomes included percentage of patients proceeding to surgery and percentage receiving an R0/R1 resection.

Results: Seventeen patients with varied molecular alterations, pathologies, and treatment regimens were included. Mean surgical complexity scores decreased between time points for baseline and postneoadjuvant treatment, postneoadjuvant treatment and surgery, and between baseline and surgery. Eleven patients (64.7%) underwent surgical resection, with 10 (58.8%) receiving an R0/R1 resection.

Conclusions: Neoadjuvant treatment of advanced thyroid cancer improves resectability and decreases the morbidity of required surgical procedures. However, treatment is not uniformly effective.