Phenolic phytochemistry, , , , and mechanistic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant evaluations of .

Excessive and imbalance of free radicals within the body lead to inflammation. The objective of the current research work was to explore the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the isolated compounds from In this study, the isolated phenolic compounds were investigated for and anti-inflammatory potential along with the antioxidant enzyme. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the phenolic compounds was assayed via various enzymes like COX-1/2, 5-LOX and ABTS, DPPH, and HO free radical enzyme inhibitory assay. These compounds were also explored for their antioxidant activity like examining SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and MDA levels in the brain, heart, and liver. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced pleurisy model in mice. On the basis of initial screening of isolated compounds, the most potent compound was further evaluated for the anti-inflammatory mechanism. Furthermore, the molecular docking study was also performed for the potent compound. The phenolic compounds were isolated and identified by GC-MS/NMR analysis by comparing its spectra to the library spectra. The isolated phenolic compounds from were 5-methylpyrimidine-24,4-diol (1), 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-4-one (2), 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol (3), 3-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (), and 2,6-dimethoxy-4-vinylphenol (5). In antioxidant assay, the most potent compound was compound having IC values of 0.98, 0.90, and 5 μg/mL against ABTS, DPPH, and HO, respectively. Similarly, against COX1/2 and 5-LOX ,compound was again the potent compound with IC values of 42.76, 10.70, and 7.40 μg/mL. Based on the results, compound was further evaluated for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Findings of the study suggest that contains active compounds with potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. These compounds could be screened as drug candidates for pharmaceutical research, targeting conditions associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions in medicinal chemistry and support their ethnomedicinal use for inflammation and oxidative stress.