The gut and intestinal microbiota consists of trillions of microorganisms inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract. It plays a crucial role in human health leading to understanding the dynamic crosstalk of host-microbe interaction in the gut and has become necessary for the detection, prevention, or therapy of diseases. Gut microbiota deviations are linked with many diseases, suggesting that various pathways involved in immunity, energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism are affected. Further, it is also altered by external insults such as metal toxicity, antibiotics and pesticides. Heavy metals like arsenic, mercury, cadmium and chromium are some of the well-studied classes of environmental pollutants. Mouse models have become the model of choice for most studies in this emerging field, as they allow perturbations in the gut microbiota to be studied in a controlled experimental setup. Here, we investigate the composition and diversity of intestinal microbes utilizing cecal samples from different intervention groups: arsenic exposure (As(III)), arsenic and piperine co-administration (As +Pp), piperine per se and control group. We obtained DNA samples from these groups and performed PCR amplification and sequencing of the 16S V3-V4 region. The findings showed shift in microbial composition and abundance among different intervention groups, revealing taxa that may contribute to the microbial diversity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000653.v3 | DOI Listing |
Curr Neuropharmacol
January 2025
Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5 Str, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
The purpose of this review was to analyse the literature regarding the correlation between the level of tryptamine, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling pathway activation, and monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and MAO-B activity in health and conditions such as neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric disorders. Tryptamine is generated through the decarboxylation of tryptophan by aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) in the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), endocrine system, and gut bacteria. Organ-specific metabolism of tryptamine, which is mediated by different MAO isoforms, causes this trace amine to have different pharmacokinetics between the brain and periphery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Nutr Food Res
January 2025
2nd Abdominal Surgery Department, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
This study investigated the protective effects of the dietary polyphenol vanillic acid (VA) on dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice, focusing on its impact on the gut microbiota and inflammatory responses. VA was supplemented following dextran sulfate sodium administration, and key indicators, including body weight, disease activity index, colon length, spleen index, and inflammatory markers, were assessed. VA supplementation significantly alleviated UC symptoms, preserved intestinal barrier integrity, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Agric Food Chem
January 2025
Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
Background Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) manifests as a critical state marked by acute abdominal symptoms, often associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction, exacerbating SAP retroactively. Ganoderic acid A (GAA) demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties in various inflammatory disorders. Nonetheless, its potential therapeutic impact on SAP and the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Agric Food Chem
January 2025
College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China.
Pumpkin extract has been shown to alleviate hyperglycemic symptoms by improving glucose metabolism disorders. However, the specific active components responsible for its hypoglycemic effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, db/db mice underwent a 4-week dietary intervention with two pumpkin flours (PF1 and PF2), total dietary fiber (TDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF), and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), with acarbose serving as a positive control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
January 2025
Metabolism and Nutrition Department. NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. Lisbon, Portugal.
Appetite, as the internal drive for food intake, is often dysregulated in a broad spectrum of conditions associated with over- and under-nutrition across the lifespan. Appetite regulation is a complex, integrative process comprising psychological and behavioral events, peripheral and metabolic inputs, and central neurotransmitter and metabolic interactions. The microbiota-gut-brain axis has emerged as a critical mediator of multiple physiological processes, including energy metabolism, brain function, and behavior.
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